要说ModelForm,那就先说Form吧!
先给出一个Form示例:
models.py from django.db import modelsclass UserType(models.Model):caption=models.CharField(max_length=32)class UserGroup(models.Model):name=models.CharField(max_length=32)class UserInfo(models.Model):username=models.CharField(verbose_name="用户",max_length=32)email=models.EmailField()user_type=models.ForeignKey(to='UserType',to_field="id",on_delete=models.CASCADE) #关联UserType 一对一u2g=models.ManyToManyField(UserGroup) #关联UserGroup 多对多 views.py from django.shortcuts import render from django import forms from django.forms import fields from app_01 import modelsclass UserInfoForm(forms.Form):username = fields.CharField(max_length=32)email = fields.EmailField()user_type = fields.ChoiceField(choices=models.UserType.objects.values_list("id","caption") #在页面上 把用户类型作为列表列上来了 )def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): #自动更新操作super(UserInfoForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)self.fields['user_type'].choices=models.UserType.objects.values_list("id","caption")def index(request):if request.method=="GET":obj=UserInfoForm()return render(request,"index.html",{'obj':obj})elif request.method=="POST":obj=UserInfoForm(request.POST)if obj.is_valid() :obj.save() #验证成功 把所有的正确信息保存在数据库中return render(request,'index.html',{'obj':obj})index.html "en"> "UTF-8">Title
在html上显示的效果为:
看了上面的示例,觉不觉得特麻烦?那让我们现在用ModelForm来实现吧!
其他不用改,只改views.py文件
from django.shortcuts import render from django import forms from django.forms import fields from app_01 import modelsclass UserInfoModelForm(forms.ModelForm):class Meta:model=models.UserInfofields="__all__" #代指所有的字段
# models.UserInfo.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data) #在数据库中自动进行创建
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=1).update(**obj.cleaned_data) #在数据库中自动进行更新
def index(request):if request.method=="GET":obj=UserInfoModelForm()return render(request,"index.html",{'obj':obj})elif request.method=="POST":obj=UserInfoModelForm(request.POST)if obj.is_valid() :obj.save() #验证成功 把所有的正确信息保存在数据库中return render(request,'index.html',{'obj':obj})
可以看到Form和ModelForm的区别了吧!
但是ModelForm也有弊端的,只能用它写小一点的程序,而大程序利用这个则不适用!
利用ModelForm来实践下吧!
Models.py from django.db import modelsclass UserType(models.Model):caption=models.CharField(max_length=32)class UserGroup(models.Model):name=models.CharField(max_length=32)class UserInfo(models.Model):username=models.CharField(verbose_name="用户",max_length=32)email=models.EmailField()user_type=models.ForeignKey(to='UserType',to_field="id",on_delete=models.CASCADE)u2g=models.ManyToManyField(UserGroup)Views.py def user_list(request):li=models.UserInfo.objects.all().select_related('user_type') #可以拿到UserInfo表内的数据,也可以拿到UserType表内的数据return render(request,'user_list.html',{'li':li})def user_edit(request,nid):if request.method=="GET":user_obj=models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first()mf=UserInfoModelForm(instance=user_obj) #这里不能瞎传 必须得有参数 instance 若无instance 则是在数据库内创建了一条数据,而不是直接对数据进行更改return render(request,'user_edit.html',{'mf':mf ,'nid':nid})elif request.method=="POST":user_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first()mf = UserInfoModelForm(request.POST,instance=user_obj)if mf.is_valid(): #正确信息全部拿到mf.save() #保存至数据库里else:print(mf.errors.as_json())return render(request, 'user_edit.html', {'mf': mf, 'nid': nid})user_list.html "en"> "UTF-8">Title
- {% for row in li %}
- {{ row.username }}-{{ row.user_type.caption }}-"/edit-{{ row.id }}/">编辑 {% endfor %}
user_list上的操作效果为:
user_erit上的操作效果为